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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed

游客2023-12-31  17
问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. [br] 【C19】
选项 A、incidence
B、awareness
C、exposure
D、popularity
答案 A
解析 和上题一样，这个空格填入的中心名词同时被growing和child abuse and childneglect修饰，描述造成青少年犯罪的另一种原因。由于四个选项都可以被growing修饰，解题的关键只能是根据逻辑语义做出判断。首先儿童受虐待和得不到关怀的日益普及(popularity)明显不可能。其次不断意识到(awareness)或不断暴露(exposure)儿童受虐待和得不到关怀不但不是犯罪发生的原因，反而有利于减少犯罪。只有儿童受虐待和得不到关怀事件(的发生)(incidence)日益增多才符合文意。
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