2. 职称英语
  3. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, s

Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, s

游客2023-12-31  50
问题    Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has five to six friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits do not tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship.
   In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us ("birds of a feather") rather than those who would be complementary ("opposites attract"). In our experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (toward politics, religion and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of the four months, though it had less to do with initial alliances — not surprisingly, since attitudes may not be obvious on first inspection.
   There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see who remained together and who split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship, though there is a complication: when marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple is not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt; it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious, we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar.
   The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate group of friends to support us. This, of course, can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago. [br] The word "obnoxious" underlined in Paragraph 3 means______.
选项 A、odd
B、objective
C、offensive
D、obedient
答案 C
解析    词义界定。从构词角度看，obnoxious由ob-和noxious构成，前缀ob-意思是“朝着，反对”等，noxious意思是“有毒的，有害的”，二者合起来意思是“讨厌的，可憎的”。假设读者不懂得构词规律和词根意义，也可以通过语境猜词。obnoxious一词出现在“Similarity can breed contempt；it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious，we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar”，大意是相似易滋生轻视；人们还发现，当他人……时，如果他们与我们相似，我们会更讨厌他们。这样，将四个选项中的词全部代入省略号位置，就可以发现，语义逻辑通顺的是C，意思是当他人有无礼冒犯行为时，如果他们与我们相似，我们会更讨厌他们。
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