2. 职称英语
  3. Researchers have known that secondhand smoke can be just as dangerous for no

Researchers have known that secondhand smoke can be just as dangerous for no

游客2023-12-24  11
问题     Researchers have known that secondhand smoke can be just as dangerous for nonsmokers as smoking is for smokers, but now there’s fresh evidence quantifying just how hazardous the after-burn from cigarettes can be, and how quickly it affects your body. Scientists at the Oregon Department of Health documented for the first time an hourly buildup of a cancer-causing compound from cigarette smoke in the blood of nonsmokers working in bars and restaurants in the state.
    Reporting in the American Journal of Public Health, the researchers found that waiters and bartenders working a typical night shift gradually accumulated higher levels of NNK, a carcinogen in cigarette smoke, at the rate of 6 % each hour they worked. NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers.
    "We were somewhat surprised by the immediacy of the effect and the fact that we could measure the average hourly increase," says Michael Stark, the lead author of the study and a principal investigator at the Mulmomah County Health Department in Oregon.
    The authors are confident that the increases in NNK in the workers they tested most likely came from their exposure to smoke -- the study included a control group of similar subjects in restaurants where no smoking was allowed. "There is experimental evidence from studies where you put nonsmokers in a room, blow smoke into the room and measure their artery function, that you see the platelets get sticky, which can cause clots and lead to a heart attack, and the ability of the arteries to dilate decreases very rapidly," says Dr. Matthew McKenna, director of the office on smoking and public health for the Centers for Disease Control.
    All of which could mean more time loitering outside buildings and in alleyways for smokers intent on grabbing a puff. Thirteen states now prohibit smoking in restaurants altogether (most of these include bars as well), and while 11 states still put no restrictions on lighting up, individual cities within those states -- such as Austin in Texas, for example -- have passed legislation banning smoking in eating establishments and other public areas.
    It’s just getting harder to refute the scientific evidence; in a study done in Scotland several months after that nation instituted a ban on smoking in public places, researchers found that following the ban, bar patrons showed stronger lung capacity and reduced levels of inflammation (a red flag for a number of chronic diseases, including heart disease and asthma). "We made it pretty clear that the science on this is pretty irrefutable," says McKenna. And if smokers have fewer places to smoke, that message may finally get heard. [br] NNK is usually considered to be one of the direct causes of ______.
选项 A、asthma
B、lung cancer
C、heart attacks
D、high blood pressure
答案 B
解析 这是一道细节题。对于题干中出现的以大写字母表示的医学物质NNK，考生大可视之为代号，无需钻研其含义。带着关键词NNK回文章中寻找相关内容。第二段第四行中说，“NNK is known to be involved in inducing lung cancer in both lab rats and smokers．”(试验用老鼠以及吸烟者都曾因NNK而引发肺癌。)induce sth．意即bring sth．about；cause。可以说"illness induced by overwork(32作过度引起的疾病)”。所以，本题题目意即"which disease will be induced by NNK?’’根据原文，会引发肺癌，故选B。
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