首页
登录
职称英语
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the
游客
2023-12-23
6
管理
问题
Ten years ago, in settling the largest civil lawsuit in the US history, the tobacco industry agreed to pay the 50 states $246 billion, to be used in part to finance efforts to prevent smoking. The percentage of American adults who smoke has fallen since then to just over 20 percent from nearly 30 percent, but smoking is still the No. 1 preventable cause of death in the United States, and smoking-related health care costs more than $167 billion a year.
To reduce this cost, the incoming Obama administration should abandon one anti-smoking strategy that is not working.
A key component of the Food and Drug Administration’s approach to smoking prevention is to warn about health dangers: Smoking causes fatal lung cancer; smoking causes emphasema; smoking while pregnant cause birth defects.
Compared with warnings issued by other nations, these statements are low-key. From Canada to Thailand, Australia to Brazil, warnings on cigarette packs include vivid images of lung tumors, limbs turned gangrenous by peripheral vascular disease and open sores and deteriorating teeth caused by mouth and throat cancers. In October, Britain became the first European country to require similar gruesome images on packaging.
But such warnings do not work. Worldwide, people continue to inhale 5. 7 trillion cigarettes annually—a figure that does not even take into account duty-free or black-market cigarettes. According to World Bank projections, the number of smokers is expected to reach 1. 6 billion by 2025, from the current 1. 3 billion.
A brain-imaging experiment I conducted in 2006 explains why anti-smoking scare tactics have been so futile. I examined people’s brain activity as they reacted to cigarette warning labels by using functional magnetic resonance imaging, a scanning technique that can show how much oxygen and glucose a particular area of the brain uses while it works, allowing us to observe which specific regions are active at any given time.
We tested 32 people(from Britain, China, Germany, Japan and the United States), some of whom were social smokers and some of whom were two-pack-a-day addicts. Most of these subjects reported that cigarette warning labels reduced their craving for a cigarette, but their brains told us a different story.
Each subject lay in the scanner for about an hour while we projected on a small screen a series of cigarette package labels from various countries—including statements like "smoking kills" and "smoking cause fatal lung cancers". We found that the warnings prompted no blood flow to the amygdale, the part of the brain that registers alarm, or to the part of the cortex that would be involved in any effort to register disapproval.
To the contrary, the warning labels backfired: They stimulated the nucleus accumbens, sometimes called the "craving spot", which lights up on functional magnetic resonance imaging whenever a person craves something, whether it is alcohol, drugs, tobacco or gambling.
Further investigation is needed, but our study has already revealed an unintended consequence of anti-smoking health warning. They appear to work mainly as a marketing tool to keep smokers smoking.
Barack Obama has said he has been using nicotine gum to fight his own cigarette habit. His new administration can help other smokers quit, too, by eliminating the government scare tactics that only increase people’s craving. [br] Anti-smoking warnings on cigarette packs are less eye-catching in______.
选项
A、America
B、Britain
C、Canada
D、Australia
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3297600.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext]M:Hi,Sara.What’sup?W:Oh,hi,Ijustgotoutahistoryclass
Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythanthe
Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythanthe
Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythanthe
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturetha
Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturetha
Longbeforerecordedhistory,ourancestorswerebathingforpleasureandhe
Longbeforerecordedhistory,ourancestorswerebathingforpleasureandhe
Longbeforerecordedhistory,ourancestorswerebathingforpleasureandhe
Longbeforerecordedhistory,ourancestorswerebathingforpleasureandhe
随机试题
Questions:Seethegraphsonthefol.-lowingpageforinformationtoanswerthe
有一个四位数,它被121除余2,被122除余109,则比数字的各位数字之和为A.
根据《建筑地基基础设计规范》(GB50007—2011),下列何种建筑物的桩基
绿地边界算至距房屋脚1.5m处时,下图所示灰色区域内集中绿地的最大面积是( )
腮腺管结石(涎石病)的超声表现,哪一项是错误的A.腮腺大小、形态正常 B.腮腺
关于股权投资基金管理人,说法错误的是()A.基金管理人可以按照基金合同的约定,
反应结束时,对照管的成色最强,此情况常见于哪种ELISAA.双抗体夹心法ELIS
胃壁分为黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层、浆膜4层,其中黏膜层主要由下列哪几种细胞组成A.主
急性心肌梗死主要由于()。A.肺动脉栓塞 B.主动脉瓣狭窄 C.冠状动脉粥样
(2020年真题)2008年下半年,美国次贷危机急剧恶化为国际金融危机,我国经济
最新回复
(
0
)