首页
登录
职称英语
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lac
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lac
游客
2023-12-19
9
管理
问题
Computer programmers often remark that computing machines, with a perfect lack of discrimination, will do any foolish thing they are told to do. The reason for this lies, of course, in the narrow fixation of the com puting machine’s "intelligence" on the details of its own perceptions its inability to be guided by any large context. In a psychological description of the computer intelligence, three related adjectives come to mind: single- minded, literal-minded, and simple-minded. Recognizing this, we should at the same time recognize that this single-mindedness, literal-mindedness, and simple-mindedness also characterizes theoretical mathematics, though to a lesser extent.
Since science tries to deal with reality, even the most precise sciences normally work with more or less imperfectly understood approximations toward which scientists must maintain an appropriate skepticism. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole, and relativistic effects; and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations.
Physicists, looking at the original Schrodinger equation, learn to sense in it the presence of many invisible terms in addition to the differential terms visible, and this sense inspires an entirely appropriate disregard for the purely technical features of the equation. This very healthy skepticism is foreign to the mathematical approach. Mathematics must deal with well-defined situations. Thus, mathematicians depend on an intellectual effort outside of mathematics for the crucial specification of the approximation that mathematics is to take literally. Give mathematicians a situation that is the least bit ill-defined, and they will make it well-defined, perhaps appropriately, but perhaps inappropriately. In some cases, the mathematicians’ literal-mindedness may have unfortunate consequences. The mathematicians turn the scientists’ theoretical assumptions, that is, their convenient points of analytical emphasis, into axioms, and then take these axioms literally. This brings the danger that they may also persuade the scientists to take these axioms literally. The question, central to the scientific investigation but intensely disturbing in the mathematical context what happens if the axioms are relaxed?--is thereby ignored.
The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. (419) [br] According to the author, how is the approach of ’physicists to solving scientific problems?
选项
A、Practical for scientific purposes.
B、Detrimental to scientific progress.
C、Unimportant in most situations.
D、Expedient, but of little long-term value.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。线索在原文第三段。作者比较物理学家和数学家对研究的不同态度和方法。物理学家关注看得见和看不见的各种因素。因此正确答案是A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3287322.html
相关试题推荐
Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter[br][originaltext]Asweallknow,
Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter[br][originaltext]Asweallknow,
Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter[br][originaltext]Asweallknow,
Thetechnologytomakemachinesquieter[originaltext]Asweallknow,whenm
【B1】[br]【B7】perfect→perfectly词性错误。本句中的perfect修饰形容词rational,显然应该用副词perfectly,句子
Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat______.[br]Whycan’tacomputertra
Videorecordersandphotocopiers,eventicketmachinesontherailways,ofte
Itisn’texpectedtostartnibblingawayatcomputerdatasystemsuntilthed
Itisn’texpectedtostartnibblingawayatcomputerdatasystemsuntilthed
Itisn’texpectedtostartnibblingawayatcomputerdatasystemsuntilthed
随机试题
Crimehasitsowncycles,amagazinere-portedsomeyearsbefore.Policere
Isyourfamilyinterestedinbuyingadog?Adogcanbeahappy【B1】______to
订立合同过程中,( )是要约。A.招标公告 B.投标书 C.寄送的价目表
按照生命周期理论,下列说法中,错误的有()。 Ⅰ家庭衰老期可积累的资产逐年
患者,男,48岁。两乳内发现疼痛性肿物1周。检查:肿物大小约3cm×3cm×1c
龟甲的主治病证是A.中虚脘腹疼痛B.气血不足C.气虚自汗D.阴虚盗汗E.肺气虚证
抗结核杆菌作用弱,可延缓细菌耐药性产生,常需与其他抗结核菌药合用的是A:异烟肼
变电站现场或运维班组应留存国家级消防质量检验中心出具的装置检验报告。
根据《基础教育课程改革纲要(试行)》的要求,我国小学现阶段即开设语文、数学、英语
基础心理学是研究()。 (A)正常成人心理现象的心理学基础学科 (B
最新回复
(
0
)