首页
登录
职称英语
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—
游客
2023-12-16
11
管理
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure., how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence., that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psycho historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. [br] Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?
选项
A、The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in vogue even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.
B、Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychoistorians.
C、Areas of sociological study such as childhood and work are of little interest to traditional historians.
D、The psychological assessment of an individual’s behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.
答案
A
解析
本题为主旨题。本文主要区分了传统的历史研究的方法和正在流行的新的研究方法的区别:传统的历史研究方法主要是叙述性的;而新方法则侧重心理分析。原文的三、四两段都在讲新方法的革新之处主要表现在哪些方面。Psychohistory denies the basic criterion of historical evidence:that evidence be publicly accessible to,and therefore assessable by,all historians.And it violates the basic tenet of historical method that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses.Psycho historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories,are also convinced that theirs is the“deepest" explanation of any event,that other explanations fall short of the truth.尽管新方法不像传统历史方法那样具有活力,并缺乏实证性,可它却很流行。B,C,D都过于主观,与原文的陈述相左。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3278168.html
相关试题推荐
WhichdoesNOTbelongtothetwouniquedaysinAmericanhistory?A、Thanksgiving
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
JohnMiltonwasagreat______inEnglishliteraryhistory.A、essayistB、poetC、p
______wasafoundingfigureinthehistoryofAmericanhorrorstoriesanddetec
Theproblemwithhistoryissimple.Thereistoomuchofit,Andmoreofitc
Theproblemwithhistoryissimple.Thereistoomuchofit,Andmoreofitc
Thewaysofhistoryaresointricateandthemotivationsofhumanactionss
随机试题
HowPsychologyCanHelpthePlanetStayCool[A]"I’mnotconvinc
配合机械作业的清底、平地、修坡等人员,可以在机械回转半径以内工作.
下列关于姓名、名称变更登记的申请人的描述中,正确的有( )。A.名称变更登记的
请回答高密度聚乙烯硅芯管相关问题。(5)硅芯管物理化学性能检验复检判定规则为(
下列对我国金融机构尤其是银行理财师的职业道德要求概括不正确的是( )。?A.假
功能活血行气,善治风湿肩臂疼痛的药物是A.羌活 B.姜黄 C.延胡索 D.
(2011年)房产权属所有人对其所有的房产依法享有的权利有()。A.占有
(2018年真题)根据《刑法》及司法解释规定,下列关于逃税罪的说法中,正确的有(
建设项目节水指标包括水的重复利用率、新水利用系数和单位产品耗水量等。关于节水指标
某建设工程项目经理部根据目标动态控制原理,将项目目标进行了分解,那么在项目目标实
最新回复
(
0
)