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  3. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as

At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as

游客2023-12-14  28
问题     At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save an endangered species. Do you agree to the statement? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
    In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.
    Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
选项
答案                     Time to Dethrone, Humans
    Certainly no one can argue that many, and perhaps most, extinct species became extinct naturally rather than due to human interference. After all, mankind’s length of time on earth, when compared to the age of the planet, is very small. But to say that there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts to save an endangered species overestimates our own importance, minimizes the importance of a species, and ignores the intricate balances that all species on earth contribute to in our environment.
    To start with, it is easy to make the assumption that because humans are capable of reason and thought, we are the dominant and therefore the most important species on Earth. We could assume that all other species are also put here for our use, to use and to abuse as we best see fit. To a certain extent, we can control almost all other varieties of lives on this planet. But having that ability and exercising that ability are two different things, and who is to say exactly what our role should be on Earth? Religious theologians have different ideas as to man’s place in the world, but these are all based on human ideas and thoughts. It would seem to be possible that animals and plants have ways of communicating that humans cannot recognize or understand. It is possible that there are forms of communication in this world that we do not have the capability of understanding, and it is important that we do not assume that we know everything. As the dominant species on Earth, it is our responsibility to use that position wisely and to destroy as little as possible while still assuring the survival of mankind.
    Besides, there is a very delicate balance in nature that we also cannot determine with any precision. The chains of life are intricately bound together in a beautiful pattern that we cannot see through our own myopia. While most people would agree that permanently eliminating flies and mosquitoes, for example, is a good idea, we don’t know what effects that might have in the long term. Certainly flies aid in the decomposition of waste materials. Mosquitoes may be an important food source for other animals in the food chain that directly leads to food for humans. To break any one link in this or any of the possibly billions of food chains in the environment could lead to catastrophe.
    As humans, we must realize that there are balances in the environment that we don’t understand and that we must protect. To allow the extinction of any particular species could prove to be a fatal mistake to the long-term survival of mankind.
解析     文章开头首先重述了directions的内容，但值得考生重视的是，作者并不是简单重复directions中的原话，而是用自己的语言进行了paraphrase，否则会给阅卷人留下语言功底不扎实的负面印象。正文的两段从不同角度进行论述，先论证人类不能够自恃过高，考虑问题也应有其他出发点；再论证各物种之于自然平衡的重要意义，每一种生物在生物链中都有其独特的地位。结尾段进行综述，说明放任物种灭绝有悖人类的责任，也不利于人类的长期生存。
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