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  3. Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract

Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract

游客2023-11-19  69
问题      Common cold is a viral infection that starts in the upper respiratory tract, sometimes spreads to the lower structures, and may contribute secondary infections in the eyes or middle ears. The main differences between the common cold and other respiratory infections are the absence of fever and the relative mildness of the symptoms.
     About 200 different strains of virus are capable of producing colds. Frequently two or more different viruses can be isolated during a single episode. The cold is spread by person-to-person contact. People can carry the virus and communicate it without themselves experiencing any of the symptoms. Incubation is short--usually one to four days. The viruses start spreading from an infected person before the symptoms appear, and the spread reaches its peak during the symptomatic phase. The incidence of colds peaks during the autumn, and minor epidemics commonly occur throughout the winter. The reason for this incidence is unknown; it may not stem mainly from stresses imposed by chilly weather but rather result from the greater amount of time spent indoors, which increases the likelihood of close contact with those persons carrying cold viruses.
     Pathologic changes occurring in the mucous membrane that lines the nose, the nasal sinuses, the nasoharynx, and other upper respiratory passages may include tissue swelling, congestion of blood, and oozing of fluids. During the acute phase of the disease, the respiratory secretions are altered by increase in serum proteins. Parts of cells may also be found in tile fluids. Tissue repair is rapid and seems complete, although a relationship might exist between colds and more serious respiratory conditions.
     Cold symptoms vary from person to person, but in the individual the same symptoms tend to recur in succeeding bouts of infection. Manifestations may include sneezing, headaches, fatigue, chilling, sore throat, inflammation of the nose (rhinitis), and nasal discharge. There is usually no fever. The symptoms usually last for only a few days. The nasal discharge is the first warning. The secretions become watery, clear, and excessive. Later, they thicken, increase in mucus and pus content, and may colour a yellow-green, with traces of blood. Coughing can be dry or produce amounts of mucus. Other more serious diseases with similar general symptoms may be mistaken for a cold; some of these are tuberculosis, bronchitis, lung abscesses, and inflammation around the heart.
     Treatment is, in most instances, directed toward allaying of symptoms, coupled with rest and adequate fluid intake. Occasionally antibiotics are given to prevent secondary infections. [br] Which of the following statements is TRUE?
选项 A、Common cold is the first warning of bronchitis.
B、Tuberculosis is believed to have developed from common cold.
C、The application of antibiotics is the only effective means in the treatment of common cold.
D、Radical surgery is never needed in the treatment of common cold.
答案 D
解析 文章第四段最后一句提到“可能把其他症状大体相同的更严重的疾病错当成感冒，这样的疾病有：肺结核、支气管炎、肺脓肿以及心肌炎”，由此可知，A “普通感冒是支气管炎的最早征兆”和B “人们认为肺结核是由感冒演变的”表述不正确。文章最后一句提到“偶尔使用抗生素预防继发性感染”，由此可知，C “使用抗生素是治疗感冒的唯一有效手段”表述不正确。由最后一段第一句“对于大多数感冒，治疗在于减轻症状，再加上休息和多喝水”可知，D “治疗感冒无需进行大手术”符合原文，故为答案。
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