2. 职称英语
  3. Read carefully the following excerpt on youth crime argument in the USA, and

Read carefully the following excerpt on youth crime argument in the USA, and

游客2023-10-26  11
问题    Read carefully the following excerpt on youth crime argument in the USA, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:
   - summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
   - comment on whether young criminals are born or not
   You should support yourself with information from the excerpt
   Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
                  Juvenile delinquency: nature or nurture?
   Being a juvenile in any one’s life is part of the stage of development. The behavior patterns of juveniles are influenced in part by what goes on in the environment in which they live. Every stage of development has transitions. Family members, friends, and peers all influence these times of transition for the juvenile. It is sometimes accompanied by a desire for material things, fashion, peer pressure, cash and more. At times, the demands of wants and needs are intensified by a society that consists of high mobility, social change, and is materialistic.
   Also, social changes can create anxiety and disillusionment for adolescents and thus they commit delinquent acts. Obviously, human beings tend to develop in different stages until they become adults. One of these stages is the adolescent stage. When humans are in the adolescent stage, they are considered juveniles. When a juvenile does something wrong, contrary to the laws or norms of the society, such as acts of vandalism, theft, drug related activity, arson or other anti-social behavior, he/she is then considered a juvenile delinquent.
   On the other hand, some scientists believe some are born to be criminals. Some teenagers may suffer from psychopathy—a disorder suffered by many (but not all) violent criminals—is characterized by an inability to "empathise". The researchers, based at King’s College London’s Institute of Psychiatry, said the differences in psychopaths’ brains mark them out even from other violent criminals with anti-social personality disorders (ASPD), and from healthy non-offenders. Psychopaths have physically different brains from "normal" people—and may be bora to kill. The new finding may mean that there is simply no point treating psychopaths with current "behavioural" treatments.
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答案                            Why Crimes Are Committed
   There can be multiple reasons why crimes are committed. Some people argue most crimes should be attributed to external factors such as disadvantaged social status while others claim criminals’ bad nature is the real cause.
   It is believed that the living environment is an important factor, in particular for young criminals. A great number of offenders are from low social-economic backgrounds where they are not provided with decent education to learn marketable skills. As a result, they are not able to find jobs to sustain their life and have to obtain money by stealing and robbery. Family or peer influence can not be ignored as well. A bad example from them can make youngsters follow and break laws. In addition, drastic social changes also play a big part. The Beat Generation is a case of social change.
   On the other hand, scientists have discovered that psychopaths have different brains to normal people and tend to be born to kill. Those killers are not influenced by external factors like adverse circumstances or bad examples from their lives. They are born to be more susceptible to violent and anti-social acts.
   In my opinion, both external circumstances and internal character account for criminal acts. There’s much truth in the famous Chinese saying "those who come near the black tend to be black themselves and those who come near the red are more likely to be red", which highlighted the importance of external influences. However, most people have the free will to keep away from the black and come near to the red. They can try their best not to be confined to their adverse situations.
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