首页
登录
职称英语
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img] If ideas can symb
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img] If ideas can symb
游客
2023-10-15
21
管理
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is L1(first language)acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL(foreign language)acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1(and, indirectly, FL)acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, L1 acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD(Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that L1 acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the L1 acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism" , the others are about the "environment" . This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a " natural" , subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of " picking up " a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is " participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson(or part thereof)to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
Questions 66 to 70
Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage. [br] How do people usually pick up a language?
选项
答案
Through exposure to it.
解析
(根据第一段第四句For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals“pick up”a language through exposure to it.,可知个人学习语言的方式是通过接触语言环境。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3099016.html
相关试题推荐
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
PavarottiDiesAged71[img]2011q4/ct_eyyjsbz2008_eyyjsbreadc_
Whichtwosquaresaremissing?[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbiq_0148_201712
Whichtwosquaresaremissing?[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbiq_0148_20180
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img]Ifideascansymb
[img]2018m11s/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201809[/img]Ifideascansymb
[img]2018m1x/ct_eyyjsbz2017j_eyyjsbreadc_0114_201712[/img]Ifideascansymbo
[img]2016m3x/ct_eyyjsbz2013j_eyyjsbreadc_0112_20163[/img]BeckyHoward,23,
[img]2016m3x/ct_eyyjsbz2013j_eyyjsbreadc_0112_20163[/img]BeckyHoward,23,
随机试题
[originaltext]Ateamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasurethe
有关急性腹膜炎,下列哪项是错误的A.需外科治疗的一般为继发性腹膜炎 B.胆汁性
下列金融犯罪中,犯罪主体属于一般主体的是()。A.对违法票据承兑、付款、保证
风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄最常见的心律失常是A.心房颤动 B.室性期前收缩
月经先期脾气虚,宜选用方剂为()。A.清经散 B.两地汤 C.丹栀逍遥
我国刑法分如共计十二大类犯罪,在下列犯罪构成的一般要件中,将各种犯罪分类的主要标
根据我国宪法和法律的规定,下列说法不正确的是()。 A.商场保安人员有权对拒绝
戏剧是人物扮演故事的表演艺术。表演是手段,故事_核心。故事内涵在戏剧中的存在和被
(2021年真题)某企业向银行申请贷款,担保方式为权利质押担保,下列不能作为质押
基础心理学是研究()。 (A)正常成人心理现象的心理学基础学科 (B
最新回复
(
0
)