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  3. James Joyce revolutionized the novel, the short story, and modern literature

James Joyce revolutionized the novel, the short story, and modern literature

游客2023-10-15  55
问题     James Joyce revolutionized the novel, the short story, and modern literature as we know it. He was born in Dublin, the first of 10 children in a Catholic family. His father was a civil servant whose poor financial judgment left the family impoverished for much of Joyce’s youth. Young James attended Dublin’s fine Jesuit schools, which gave him a firm grounding in theology and classical languages-subjects that appeared repeatedly in his later work. The story of his early life and his intellectual rebellion against Catholicism and Irish nationalism are told in the largely autobiographical novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.

    In 1902, at the age of 20, Joyce left Dublin to spend the rest of his life in Paris, Trieste, Rome, and Zurich, with only occasional visits back home. Despite this self-imposed exile, Dublin was the setting for most of his writings. Dubliners(1914), Joyce’s most accessible work, is a collection of short stories describing the paralyzing social mores of middle-class Catholic life. "The dead" , the final story in the collection, is frequently, listed as one of the finest short stories ever written.
    Joyce’s next book, Ulysses, took seven years to write: once he finished writing it, he almost couldn’t find anyone to publish it. Upon the novel’s publication, both Ireland and the United States immediately banned it as obscene. Despite these obstacles, Ulysses has come to be generally recognized as the greatest twentieth-century novel written in English. The novel was revolutionary in many ways, the structure was unique. Joyce recreated one full day in the life of his protagonist, Leopold Bloom, and modeled the actions of the story on those of Ulysses in the Odyssey. In recounting Bloom’s day, Joyce mentions everything that happens to Bloom—including thoughts, bodily functions, and sexual acts—providing a level of physical actuality that had never before been achieved in literature. To provide a psychological insight comparable to the physical detail, Joyce employed a then-revolutionary technique called stream of consciousness, in which the protagonist’s thoughts are laid bare to the reader.

    From 1922 until 1939, Joyce worked on a vast, experimental novel that eventually became known as Finnegan’s Wake. The novel, which recounts "the history of the world" through a family’s dreams, employs its own " night language" of puns, foreign words and literary allusions. It has no clear chronology or plot, and it begins and ends on incomplete sentences that flow into each other.
    Many of Joyce’s supporters thought he was wasting his time on the project, although the playwright Samuel Beckett, who later won the Nobel Prize for Literature, helped Joyce compile the final text when his eyesight was failing. Today, Finnegan’s Wake is viewed as Joyce’s most obscure and possibly most brilliant work.
James Joyce was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the______【R1】______in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century. Joyce was born to a______【R2】______in Dublin, where he excelled as a student at the Jesuit schools. Joyce is best known for Ulysses(1922), one of the ______【R3】______in which the episodes of Homer’s Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, perhaps most prominently the ______【R4】______technique he perfected. Other major works are______【R5】______Dubliners(1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916)and Finnegan’s Wake(1939). His complete oeuvre includes three books of poetry, a play, occasional journalism, and his published letters. [br] 【R5】
选项
答案 the short—story collection
解析 (根据第二段第三句Dubliners(1914)，Joyce’s most accessible work，is a collection of shortstories describing…可知这是Joyce的一部短篇小说集。)
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