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[originaltext] According to sociologists, there are several different ways i
[originaltext] According to sociologists, there are several different ways i
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2023-09-10
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问题
According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of "natural leaders". It seams that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done". Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well being of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.
选项
A、Few people qualify as "natural leaders".
B、There is no proof that "natural leaders" exist.
C、Natural leaders are easily accepted by the members of a group.
D、Natural leaders share a similar set of characteristics.
答案
B
解析
该题问“根据作者的看法,‘natural leaders’是什么意思?”文中提到“... decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of ’natural leaders’”,也就是说没有证据可以证明存在“natural leaders”这类人。因此,我们可以断定B项“没有证据显示有‘natural leaders’存在”这一说法是正确的。
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