首页
登录
职称英语
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developin
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developin
游客
2023-08-08
13
管理
问题
Facing water shortages and escalating fertilizer costs, farmers in developing countries are using raw sewage(下水道污水)to irrigate and fertilize nearly 49 million acres of cropland, according to a new report—and it may not be a bad thing.
While the practice carries serious health risks for many, those dangers are outweighed by the social and economic gains for poor urban farmers and consumers who need affordable food.
" There is a large potential for wastewater agriculture to both help and hurt great numbers of urban consumers," said Liqa Raschid-Sally, who led the study.
The report focused on poor urban areas, where farms in or near cities supply relatively inexpensive food. Most of these operations draw irrigation water from local rivers or lakes. Unlike developed cities, however, these areas lack advanced water-treatment facilities, and rivers effectively become sewers(下水道).
When this water is used for agricultural irrigation, farmers risk absorbing disease-causing bacteria, as do consumers who eat the produce raw and unwashed. Nearly 2. 2 million people die each year because of diarrhea-related(与腹泻相关的)diseases, according to WHO statistics. More than 80% of those cases can be attributed to contact with contaminated water and a lack of proper sanitation. But Pay Drechsel, an environmental scientist, argues that the social and economic benefits of using untreated human waste to grow food outweigh the health risks.
Those dangers can be addressed with farmer and consumer education, he said, while the free water and nutrients from human waste can help urban farmers in developing countries to escape poverty.
Agriculture is a water-intensive business, accounting for nearly 70% of global fresh water consumption.
In poor, dry regions, untreated wastewater is the only viable irrigation source to keep farmers in business. In some cases, water is so scarce that farmers break open sewage pipes transporting waste to local rivers.
Irrigation is the primary agricultural use of human waste in the developing world. But frequently untreated human waste harvested from lavatories is delivered to farms and spread as fertilizer.
In most cases, the human waste is used on grain crops, which are eventually cooked, minimizing the risk of transmitting water-borne diseases. With fertilizer prices jumping nearly 50% per metric ton over the last year in some places, human waste is an attractive, and often necessary, alternative.
In cases where sewage mud is used, expensive chemical fertilizer use can be avoided. The mud contains the same critical nutrients.
"Overly strict standards often fail," James Bartram, a WHO water-health expert, said. "We need to accept that fact across much of the planet, so waste with little or no treatment will be used in agriculture for good reason. " [br] What do we learn about James Bartram’s position on the use of human waste for farming?
选项
A、He echoes Pay Drechsel’s opinion on the issue.
B、He challenges Liqa Raschid-Sally’s conclusion.
C、He thinks it the only way out of the current food crisis.
D、He deems it indispensable for combating global poverty.
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。从定位句看出,世界卫生组织水健康专家吉姆斯·巴特拉姆认为,使用微处理或未处理废料进行农业生产是有充分理由的,因为它是由我们这个星球面临的现实情况决定的,可见,他与之前裴伊·德拉塞尔类似,都是对这件事持肯定态度的;另外,从文章结构考虑,该段为总结段,用于再次强调文章的主旨,故答案为A)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/2908799.html
相关试题推荐
[originaltext](13)Agrowingnumberofwomenaredevelopingsomethingcalled
发展中国家developingcountry
Fertilizerusehasexploded,overloadingplantsworldwide,likelyalteringe
Fertilizerusehasexploded,overloadingplantsworldwide,likelyalteringe
Fertilizerusehasexploded,overloadingplantsworldwide,likelyalteringe
[originaltext]ScientistsaredevelopingamedicaldevicenamedExplorertha
[originaltext]Agricultureexpertshaveamessageforfarmersworldwide:Take
[originaltext]Agricultureexpertshaveamessageforfarmersworldwide:Take
GeneticEngineeringisaradicalandrapidlydevelopingtechnologythattouc
GeneticEngineeringisaradicalandrapidlydevelopingtechnologythattouc
随机试题
【S1】[br]【S8】M缺名词,后接介词for,故选respect,意为“如今对疼痛处理的重视(尊重)”。
基坑工程中,钢筋混凝土板桩相对于钢板桩的优点是()。A.造价低 B.施工方便
任何单位和个人不得明示或暗示检测机构出具虚假检测报告。()
患者,女性,46岁。大便时肛内有物脱出,不能自行还纳,偶有便血,量不多,1年前曾
治疗湿邪中阻吐泻转筋的要药是()。A.黄连B.吴茱萸C.木瓜D.薏苡仁E.半夏
不属于真溶液型药剂的是A:溶液剂B:芳香水剂C:甘油剂D:高分子溶液剂E
面部危险三角区感染时禁用热疗的主要原因是A.热疗可促进血液循环,加重皮下出血、肿
下列中,()属于近期建设规划的强制性内容。A.河湖水系保护规划 B.城市建设
下列不属于企业组织变革先兆的是()。A:企业决策效率低下或经常出现决策失误 B
白芥子具有的功效是( ) A.温肺祛痰,利气散结 B.化痰止咳,和胃降逆
最新回复
(
0
)