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  3. Most runners, whether they’re training for a marathon or simply out to get s

Most runners, whether they’re training for a marathon or simply out to get s

游客2023-08-04  15
问题     Most runners, whether they’re training for a marathon or simply out to get some exercise, will stretch before they take off. It’s a ritual that verges on the sacred, strongly connected to the intuitive sense that priming the muscles is a good way to avoid injuring them during the run to come.
    But researchers at George Washington University and the USA Track and Field Association (USATF) report that stretching before a run does not appear to reduce injury at all. In fact, among the more than 2700 runners in the study, ranging from recreational runners to competitive marathoners, all of whom ran at least 10 miles a week, the scientists found similar injury rates—of about 16％—over a three-month period among those who stretched before running and those who did not.
    The idea behind stretching is to lengthen the muscle fibers to increase their function and hopefully enhance performance, helping runners maintain a faster pace or run for a longer period of time. A study of British recruits in the military found that a regular stretching routine before training reduced injury rates from 6％ to 1％. But other recent studies among gymnasts, football players and wrestlers have questioned the practice, suggesting that stretching does not impact performance at all.
    That’s why Dr. Daniel Pereles, a runner himself, decided to look specifically at the role that stretching might play in running injuries. Most studies on the subject, including the British trial in the military, involved stretching routines that included much more than stretching running muscles; they also incorporated calisthenics (健美操) and other exercises. Pereles wanted to know specifically whether stretching leg muscles—the quadriceps (四头肌), hamstrings (腘绳肌腱) and caIf muscles—would have an impact on injuries.
    Through the USATF, Pereles was able to recruit enough runners of various levels to get an answer to his question. About half of the 2729 volunteers were told to stretch their quads, hams and calf muscles for three to five minutes before running for however long they usually exercised. The remaining half were told to run without stretching.
    While he found that stretching did not have any effect on injury rates among the two groups, he did find several factors that did seem to influence whether the runners hurt themselves. Heavier runners, as well as those who had recently suffered an injury, were more likely to harm themselves. Interestingly, Pereles also found that those who switched from a stretch to non-stretch or non-stretch to stretch routine for the study were more likely to get injured. Stretchers who were told not to stretch during the three-month study increased their risk of injury by 40％, while those who switched from not stretching to stretching increased their risk by 22％. [br] What can be inferred from the third paragraph?
选项 A、It is certain that stretching before running is helpful.
B、It is regular stretching before running that is effective.
C、The result of studies among wrestlers corresponded with that of the study of British recruits.
D、The outcome of the study of British recruits is contrary to that of other recent studies.
答案 D
解析 由题干中的the third paragraph定位到第三段。推理判断题。由定位段第二、三句可知，一项针对英国军队中的新兵进行的研究发现，定期在训练前做伸展运动使运动伤害率从6％降低到1％，而针对体操运动员、足球运动员和摔跤运动员进行的研究表明，伸展运动对运动表现根本没有影响。因此，D为本题答案。
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