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  3. Britain will fail to meet targets set by the European Economic Community (EE

Britain will fail to meet targets set by the European Economic Community (EE

游客2023-07-23  15
问题     Britain will fail to meet targets set by the European Economic Community (EEC) for reducing air pollution unless the government fits more antipollution equipment to power stations and takes energy conservation more seriously. This warning comes in a report commissioned by Greenpeace, the environmental pressure group(压力组织). The authors, from the Earth Resources Research, calculate that by 1993, levels of sulphur dioxide (二氧化物) pollution from power stations in Britain will match those in 1970. But they expect overall emissions of sulphur dioxide to fall by 10 percent by 1993. The government predicts a fall of 22 percent.
    In accordance with EEC regulations, Britain should reduce by 1993 its emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides by 20 percent, using the level of air pollution in 1980 as baseline. The report challenges three elements of the government’ s policy for meeting the regulations.  The government expects organizations such as the Central Electricity Generation Board to equip new coalfired  stations with gas scrubbers (涤气器) and to fit existing stations with equipment for filtering out sulphur dioxide. Power stations account for nearly 90 percent of the sulphur dioxide that Britain discharges into the. air. The government also assumes that the oil industry will contract. This should affect the levels of sulphur dioxide pumped out by refineries(炼油厂). Thirdly, the Department of the Environment expects the level of industrial air pollution to fall as factories close or improve their technology to tighten control on emissions.
    The authors of the report argue that emissions from refineries will not fall as much as the government expects bemuse the oil industry itself will not fall off as rapidly as once expected. Also, they doubt whether air pollution produced by industry will fall as quickly as the government assumes. [br] In the 6th sentence of the 2nd paragraph, the word "This" refers to______.
选项 A、the decrease of the oil industry
B、the increase of measures taken
C、the government’s assumption
D、the level of sulphur dioxide
答案 A
解析 该题检查考生对This指代的理解。答题依据在文章第二段。该段第五句话说到"The government also assumes that the oil industry will contract，”(政府还预期石油工业将会收缩规模)结合上下文来看，这是英国的三要素政策(three element policy)中的第二点(注意该句中的also)。文章接着说"This should affect the levels of sulphur dioxide pumped out by refineries．”(这一点应该会影响到炼油厂的二氧化硫的排放量)。由此来看，this指代的是前面一句“石油工业的规模的收缩”。故，该题答案为[A]。可见，回答该题不仅要弄清上下文的关系，还要理解句中 contract (收缩，变小)和答案中shrinking(缩小，减少)的对应关系。
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