2. 职称英语
  3. Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke

Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke

游客2023-07-21  56
问题     Iron production was revolutionized in the early eighteenth century when coke was first used instead of charcoal(木炭)for refining iron ore. Previously the poor quality of the iron had restricted its use in architecture to items such as chains and tie bars for supporting arches, vaults(拱顶), and walls. With the improvement in refining ore, it was now possible to make castiron beams and columns. During the nineteenth century further advances were made, notably Bessemer’s process for converting iron into steel, which made tile material more commercially feasible.
    Iron was rapidly adopted for the construction of bridges, because its strength was far greater than that of stone or timber, but its use in the architecture of buildings developed more slowly. By 1800 a complete internal iron skeleton for buildings had been developed in industrial architecture replacing traditional timber beams, but it generally remained concealed. Apart from its low cost, the appeal of iron as a building material lay in its strength, its resistance to fire, and its potential to span vast areas. As a result, iron became increasingly popular as a structural material for more traditional styles of architecture during the nineteenth century, but it was invariably concealed.
    Significantly, the use of exposed iron occurred mainly in the new building types produced by the Industrial Revolution: in factories, warehouses, commercial offices, exhibition halls, and railroad stations, where its practical advantages far outweighed its lack of status. Designers of the railroad stations of the new age explored the potential of iron, covering huge areas with spans that surpassed the great vaults of medieval churches and cathedrals. Paxton’s Crystal Palace, designed to house the Great Exhibition of 1851, covered an area of 1848 feet by 408 feet in assembled units of glass set in iron frames. The Paris Exhibition of 1889 included both the widest span and the greatest height achieved so far with the Halle des Machines, spanning 362 feet, and the Eiffel Tower 1,000 feet high. However, these achievements were mocked by the artists of Paris as expensive and ugly foolishness. Iron, despite its structural advantages, had little aesthetic(审美的)status. The use of an exposed iron structure in the more traditional styles of architecture was slower to develop. [br] How did the artists react to the buildings at the Paris Exhibition?
选项 A、They tried to copy them.
B、They laughed at them.
C、They praised them.
D、They refused to pay to see them.
答案 B
解析 根据最后一段倒数第三句话，巴黎的艺术家们说这些建筑是expensive and ugly foolishness，可见mock在此处的意思不是“模仿”，而是“嘲笑”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/2857562.html
相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)