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  3. The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new US plant, Vindicator o

The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new US plant, Vindicator o

游客2023-07-18  37
问题     The food irradiation process is a simple one. The new US plant, Vindicator of Florida Incorporated in Mulberry, Fla. , uses a material called cobalt (钴) 60 to irradiate food. Cobalt 60 is radioactive isotope (同位素) (form) of the metallic element cobalt. Cobalt 60, which gives off radiation in the form of gamma rays, is also used for radiation therapy for cancer patients and for sterilizing (消毒) hospital equipment. The radioactive isotope is created by bombarding cobalt with subatomic particles in a nuclear reactor. However, irradiation plants do not themselves contain nuclear reactors.
    In the irradiation plant, food is exposed to thin rods of cobalt 60. The rods give off gamma rays, which disrupt chemical processes in contaminating organisms. The disruption breaks down the cell walls of organisms or destroys their genetic material. The dose, set by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is enough to kill organisms on food, but not enough to produce significant changes in the food itself.
    Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods, the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation. Canning, for example, results in a much greater loss of nutrients.
    Those who object to irradiation say that the process may create substances not found in non-irradiated food. Since the 1960’s researchers have studied irradiated food at microscopic levels to try to find such substances, called unique radiolytic (辐射分解) products. After reviewing these studies, the FDA determined that compounds formed during irradiation were similar to substance found in non-irradiated foods and were not dangerous to consume.
    Destruction of microorganisms that cause illness is an important goal of irradiation. About 250 million cases of food poisoning or 1 per person — occur every year in the US, according to FDA estimates. Food poisoning can cause vomiting (呕吐), diarrhea (腹泻), fever, headache — and, occasionally, death.
    Because of the apparent safety of food irradiation, and the problems presented by contaminated food, scientific groups — including the American Medical Association, the World Health Organization, and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Association — have voiced nearly universal support for the process. Worldwide, 38 nations have approved irradiation for 355 products.
    Like microwave ovens, food irradiation has aroused apprehension and misunderstanding. Yet it has been scrutinized (审查) more thoroughly than other methods of food treatment that we have come to regard as safe, and it appears to be a method whose time has come. [br] Irradiated food______.
选项 A、certainly loses its nutritive value
B、maintains its nutritive value no different from the non-irradiated
C、keeps its nutritive value better than canned food
D、is recommended as the best of all preserved foods
答案 C
解析 可定位在第3段。第3段第1句指出：“Although irradiation slightly decreases the nutritive value of foods，the loss is less than that produced by some other methods of food preservation(尽管辐射轻微减少了食物的营养价值，但与其他食物保存方法相比，其损失要小得多)”，选项A认为肯定失去其营养价值，表意过于绝对。接着，第2句拿罐头食品举例，提出“将食品用罐头封存损失的营养成分要多得多”，故选项C符合表达意思。选项B可能成为干扰项，但第4段明确指出：虽然接受过照射的食物会产生辐射分解物质，但FDA研究了一系列报告，得出的结论是此类物质与未受照射产品相似，而非B项中表述的no different from(相差无几)，故选项B不正确。
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