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共用题干 According to the most recent resea

admin2022-08-02  54
问题 共用题干According to the most recent research on parenting,caretakers tend to use three strategies for disciplining children.
Power includes the use of physical punishment such as spanking or the threat of physical punishment,but parents can also demonstrate power by taking away a privilege such as using the car,attending a sporting event,or in the case of a very young child,playing with a favorite toy.In spite of the fact that power strategies,especially severe physical punishment,can cause children to fear or even hate parents,it's surprising that power remains the strategy used most often in discipli-ning children.It's also worth noting that children who are harshly disciplined in this way tend to be hostile,defiant,and aggressive socially.
Second in popularity after power is the withholding of affection.This can take the form of re-fusal to communicate with a child,threatening to abandon or reject the child,or otherwise treating children as though they were unworthy of love .Interesting enough,children disciplined in this way appear on the surface to be very self-disciplined,even model children who are seldom in trouble, but underneath,these same children are generally very nervous,insecure and dependent others to approve of and guide their evaluation of behavior.
Finally,management techniques are employed for discipline .These begin with a set of rules that are clearly expressed at an age-appropriate level.To enforce the rules,parents use a combina- tion of praise and approval with explanation and reasoning,always referring back to the rules.
But regardless of the strategy,the behavior that has precipitated punishment should be clearly understood,and the consequences should be consistent. Key to any kind of discipline is a pattern of consistency so that children understand the relationship between the rules,their behavior,and the consequences.Which of the following expression has the same meaning as the italicized word in line 3"priv- ilege"in Para.2?A: School work.B: Fun time.C: A special advantage.D: Pocket money.
选项 Which of the following expression has the same meaning as the italicized word in line 3"priv- ilege"in Para.2?
A: School work.
B: Fun time.
C: A special advantage.
D: Pocket money.
答案 C
解析 本题是主旨题。文章第一句说：关于为人父母的一项最新研究表明：父母通常会使用三种方法来管教孩子。接下来介绍了这三种方法：高压策略（A power strategies)；减少对孩子的关爱（B withholding of affection)；管理方法（D management techniques)。只有C选项praise没有提及，因此选C。


本题是细节考查题。根据是第二段第二句：尽管这些使用强权方式管理孩子的方法，尤其是严重的体罚，会导致孩子们害怕甚至仇恨父母，令人吃惊的是这却是管教孩子最为经常使用的方法。因此选A。


本题是细节考查题。根据第二段后两句可知高压方法并非是很有效的方法，而且这种教育方法会导致孩子仇恨父母，对别人也充满敌意。因此A选项内容是不对的。B选项可以在第三段第三句中找到，C选项可以在最后一段最后一句中找到，D选项可以从第四段第二句中找到。


本题是词义推断题。根据privilege后列举的例子：such as using the car, attending a sporting event ,or, in the case of a very young child ,playing with a favorite toy，可以推断出其意思是：a special advantage。


本题是主旨题。第一段第一句话即本文的中心句。以下段落分别列举这三种管教孩子的方法。
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