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  3. 共用题干 第三篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的

共用题干 第三篇Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的

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问题 共用题干第三篇

Be Alert to Antimicrobial（抗微生物的）Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to avoid the action of the drugs used to cure the infections
they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue.Some bacteria have developed mecha-
nisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics（抗生素）normally used for their treatment. They
are known as multi一drug resistant bacteria,posing particular difficulties,as there may be few or no alternative
options for therapy.They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries
should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant
strains（菌株）and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics , reducing the generation of
antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases on 1 1 August 2010 identified a new gene that
enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.The article has drawn attention
to the issue of antimicrobial resistance,and,in particular,has raised awareness of infections caused by multi-
drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear,this development requires
monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission,and to define the most effec-
tive measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action in-
clude consumers , managers of hospitals , patients , as well as national governments , the pharmaceutical（制药
的）industry,and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas
like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance;rational antibiotic use,including education of healthcare workers
and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics;introducing or enforcing legislation related to stopping the
selling of antibiotics without prescription;and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures,
including the use of hand-washing measures,particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant micro-organisms has been documented in many countries,and
the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of
multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies,and to coordinate international
efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health
Day 2011.The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found thatA:a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appearedB:some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibioticsC:some infections are caused by antibioticsD:some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant micro-organisms
选项 The article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases found that
A:a new multi-drug resistant bacterium has appeared
B:some bacteria have developed a new gene to resist almost all antibiotics
C:some infections are caused by antibiotics
D:some countries are successful in controlling multi-drug resistant micro-organisms
答案 B
解析 由第一段中的“there may be few or no alternative...”可知选D。
根据语境可知，此处是指“慎用抗生素”，故选B。
由第二段第一句“identified a new gene...”可知选A。
由第五段中的rational antibiotic use可知C项正确；由“education of… in the appropriate use of antibiotics”可知A项正确；由“enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling...”可知D 项正确。故选B。
由最后一段中的“will”可知，会有关于“multi-drug resistant bacteria”问题的进一步研究。
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