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  3. In a study published in 2013,economist M

In a study published in 2013,economist M

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问题 In a study published in 2013,economist Michael Clemens analyzed 15 years of data on North Carolina’s farm-labor market and concluded,“There is virtually no supply of native manual farm laborers”in the state.This was true even in the depths of a severe recession.Mechanization is not the answer either—not yet at least.Production of corn,cotton,rice,soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized,but many high-value,labor-intensive crops,such as strawberries,need labor.Even dairy farms,where robots currently do only a small share of milking,have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result,farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce.Starting around 2012,requests for the visas rose sharply;from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap,unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work,which is limited to 66,000 annually.Even so,employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need.The process is cumbersome,expensive and unreliable.One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late.And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workers and drive others underground.Petitioning each year for laborers—and hoping the government provides enough,and that they arrive on time—is no way to run a business.In a 2012 survey by the California Farm Bureau,71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor.Some western growers have responded by movingoperations to Mexico.Without reliable access to a reliable workforce,more growers will be tempted to move south.According to a report by the Partnership for a New American Economy,Americans are consuming more fresh produce,which is good.But a rising share of it is grown elsewhere.In 1998-2000,14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported.Little more than a decade later,the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.Rural U.S.communities that might have benefited didn’t.In effect,the U.S.can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.The U.S.needs a simpler,streamlined,multi-year visa for agricultural workers,accompanied by measures to guard against exploitation and a viable path to U.S.residency for workers who meet the requirements.Otherwise growers will continue to struggle with shortages and uncertainty,and the country as a whole will lose out.　　What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in US farming?《》（）A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.B.To get native US workers back to farming.C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D.To strengthen financial support for famers.
选项 A.To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B.To get native US workers back to farming.
C.To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D.To strengthen financial support for famers.
答案 B
解析 本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。题目问的是美国农业劳动力缺乏的解决方案是什么。根据段落定位到第四段，这种劳动力缺乏的解决方案之一仍旧是一如既往的不合理，冒号后面提到本土的工人是不会回到农场的。由此可见，解决方法就是让美国人自己去干活。这和选项B是一样的。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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