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  3. Text 2 Internet service providers have r

Text 2 Internet service providers have r

考试题库2022-08-02  56
问题 Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.The author views preventing Web tracking with technology as____.A.radical and dangerousB.complex and impracticalC.simple but effectiveD.helpful but risky
选项 A.radical and dangerous
B.complex and impractical
C.simple but effective
D.helpful but risky
答案 D
解析 [信息锁定]第四段先肯定（The good news is）技术可高效阻止网络追踪，随后转折指出（But）以技术手段制止网络追踪会引发军备竞赛、有利于强势群体、甚至会危及出版自由。可见D.是对作者观点的正确概括。[解题技巧]A.忽视第四段前四句对先进技术效用的认可，且“激进的（radical）”无信息支撑。B.impractical（不切实际的）与第四段②③句“技术工具已实现有效制止网络追踪”相悖．且complex并非文中所指：文中指“更复杂的技术可能更有效”而非“反追踪技术总体复杂”。C.忽视段落转折后内容，且simple-词无信息支撑。
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英语二研究生

研究生入学

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