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  3. The journal Science is adding an extra r

The journal Science is adding an extra r

练习题库2022-08-02  40
问题 The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.　“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.　Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, Mc Nutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”　Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role”. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science”.　John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”. “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.　Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ______.A. pose a threat to all its peersB. meet with strong oppositionC. increase Science’s circulationD. set an example for other journals
选项 A. pose a threat to all its peers
B. meet with strong opposition
C. increase Science’s circulation
D. set an example for other journals
答案 D
解析 事实细节题。由题干中的Giovanni Parmigiani可将本题定位到原文第四段，该段最后一句提到“This impact will not only…want to model their approach after Science.”，由此可知《科学》期刊的的影响不会仅限于其本身，还会影响到更多想效仿它做法的出版商，因此D项正确。A、B两个选项都是负面评价，Giovanni Parmigiani言语中并无负面意思，因此这两项可排除。Giovanni Parmigiani未提到《科学》的发行量会上升，因此C项也不选。
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