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  3. Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Mal

Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Mal

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问题 Text 3 In his book The Tipping Point,Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often called influentials,who are unusually informed,persuasive,or well-connected.The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the"two step flow of communication":Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials,those selected people will do most of the work for them.The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks,brands,or neighborhoods.In many such cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing,promoting,or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.In fact,they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers'argument stems from a simple observing about social influence,with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media,not interpersonal,influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory,are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.For a social epidemic to occur,however,each person so affected,must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs,and so on;and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant,for example,the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence,the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call"global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks–is the presence not of a few influentials but,rather,of a critical mass of easily influenced people.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point,the author intends toA.analyze the consequences of social epidemicsB.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideasC.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemicsD.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
选项 A.analyze the consequences of social epidemics
B.discuss influentials'function in spreading ideas
C.exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics
D.describe the essential characteristics of influentials.
答案 B
解析 文章提到Tipping Point这本书描述社会流行风潮是由一小部分名人引起的，然而，笔锋一转在首段末又说“it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.”进而引出作者对名人传播想法功能的讨论。由此B选项正确。而A项错在consequences，文中并没有讨论社会潮流的后果问题，而是谈到社会潮流的原因（driven）。C项利用第一段最后一句中的intuitively设置的干扰，但文中并没有提到人类对社会流行的直觉反应；潮人的特征属于书中的具体内容，属于就事论事，排除D项。【补充】报刊杂志文章的首段通常引人入胜，目的是引出本文主题。
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