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  3. Text 4 When Kclscy Sisavath enrolled as

Text 4 When Kclscy Sisavath enrolled as

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问题 Text 4 When Kclscy Sisavath enrolled as a freshman at Lincoln Alternative High School in Walla Walla,Washington,in the fall,her mother was struggling with drug addiction.She was angry,depressed,and suicidal.Her traumatized brain had little room to focus on school.Today,much has changed in Kelsey's life.She graduated from Lincoln this spring with a 4.0 GPA while also taking classes at a community college.She is articulate,confident,and happy.Kelsey believes Lincoln changed her life.Neuroscience tells us that the brains ofkids regularly facing significant trauma or toxic stress are wired for survival and likely to erupt at the smallest provocation.A major study ofAdverse Childhood Experiences（ACEs）by the Ccnters for Disease Control and Kaiser Permanente found that the higher a young person's ACEs score,the greater the risk in adulthood of chronic disease,mental illness,and premature death.These children also have a far greater future likelihood of either inflicting or being the victim ofviolence.Students struggling with this toxic stress are often ill-suited to learn in a traditional educational environment."Teachers like to tell students that if they work hard they will succeed-that it is in their control to pay attention,do their homework,and perform well in class.But those assumptions don't work for children growing up in high-stress environments,such as those living in poverty,"said Jim Sporleder,the former principal of Lincoln.At Lincoln,the teachers and staff follow a few deceptively simple rules:Don't take anything the student says personally and don't mirror their behavior with an outburst of your own.The teachers give students time to calm down,ofien in the principal's office or a special"quiet room".Later,they inquire about what might be bothering them and ask if they want to talk about it.Such seemingly straightforward techniques are actually based on hard science.In contrast to the fight-or-flight response triggered by perceived threats,seemingly minor acts of kindness,such as a few caring words from a teacher or a quick hug,can activate a cascade of Oxytocin,sometimes called the"love hormone".In highly traumatized kids,such simple acts can have an outsized impact.In the years immediately following Lincoln's adoption of trauma-informed practices,the school saw a fivefold increase in graduation rates,a threefold increase in students headed to college,75 percent fewer fights,and 90 percent fewer suspensions.39.The phrase"fight-or-flight"（Para.5）is closest in meaning toA.combating or escaping.B.advancing or reversing.C.attracting or distracting.D.initiating or terminating.
选项 A.combating or escaping.
B.advancing or reversing.
C.attracting or distracting.
D.initiating or terminating.
答案 A
解析 词汇理解题。第五段中出现这个词的句子意思为“相对于由感知威胁而引发的‘战斗或逃跑’式的反应，看似微小的仁慈行为，如从老师那里说的一些关心的话，或一个快速的拥抱，可以激活一连串的催产索……”。也就是说这个词与后面的“仁慈”、“关心”是对比的概念，这个概念又是在“受到威胁”的情况下发生的，所以应该选A项“战斗还是逃跑”。【干扰排除】B项“前进还是后退”，通常指方向的调转、指向的变化；C项“引人（注意）还是转移（注意）”，通常指注意力或兴趣的吸引或转移；D项“开始还是结束”，通常指开始起步做某件事情或某件事的终结。B、C、D项均不符合文章逻辑，故均排除。
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