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  3. It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really

游客2025-04-20  25
问题     It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choice in that matter. You either have science or you don’t have, and if you have it, you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful bits.
    The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering the way ahead seems. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply make up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far they are from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad being ignorant if you are totally ignorant: the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.
    But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be true, there may well be questions we can’t think up ever, and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention. [br] It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century______.
选项 A、thought they knew a lot and could solve most problems of science
B、knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
C、did more harm than good in promoting man’s understanding of nature
D、were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
答案 A
解析 本题的四个选项中，只有A项为正确答案。这可从文中的内容推知，即假如我们中的某个人对18世纪启蒙主义的先哲们说，我们所知的很有限，我们对未来感到困惑，他们必然会对我们的说法感到惊讶。在20世纪，科学对人类智慧的最大贡献就表现在与无知在深度上和广度上的突然对峙。
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