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  3. The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the beha

The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the beha

游客2025-03-23  25
问题     The social sciences, as the name shows, are the scientific study of the behavior of human beings, both in groups and individually. There is no past or present information of human beings who were not in groups. The groups may be small, like the family, or large, like a city or nation. But in order to reach complete development, man must be a member of a society. It is true that some individuals are more solitary than others. Some, like monks or hermits, may decide, for religious or other reasons, to leave their society and live alone. But these are unusual individuals, and even they can not separate themselves completely from the rest of mankind. A society, then, seems to be the natural environment of mankind. Scholars who study mankind in social organizations are called social scientists.
    The human behavior which social scientists study is learned behavior. The behavior of the human body as a living organism is studied by the biologist, the biochemist, or the physician. This behavior of man’s physical body is inherited through the genetic development of his species. For example, all physical normal and healthy humans learn to walk as their bodies grow and develop. Social scientists concern themselves with the behavior that man must learn so that he can take his place in a social group. In order to be a functioning member of a group, each member must learn to behave in a way acceptable to other members of that group. The kind of behavior, which must be learned, differs according to the differences among societies.
    The social scientists are newcomers to academic studies.  By the end of the nineteenth century, the natural sciences had developed a method, by which they were able to understand the physical world.  By using the scientific method, chemists, physicists, and astronomers, for example, learned a great deal about the universe. It seemed reasonable to apply the same method to the study of man’s social life. Through this kind of study man may learn to understand himself much better.
    The scientific method is a way of collecting facts in order to describe an existing situation as correctly and completely as possible. The description must consist only of what can be perceived, analyzed, measured, and recorded. Feelings and personal opinions or ideas have no place in scientific description. The facts must be observed and described in such a way that another scientist could repeat the same study and get the same results. [br] Which of the following have no place in the scientific method?
选项 A、Careful observations.
B、Accurate measurements.
C、Sincere emotions.
D、A reasonable hypothesis.
答案 C
解析 本题是细节题。文章末段第3句讲到：情感、个人观点或思想在科学的描述中没有任何的位置。人们必须观察、描述事实，同时，另一个科学家能够重复相同的研究并得到相同的结果。所以C选项是正确答案。其他选项均是文中所提到的内容。
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