首页
登录
职称英语
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and univers
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and univers
游客
2024-08-08
38
管理
问题
The idea that science can, and should, be run according to fixed and universal rules, is both unrealistic and pernicious. (81)
It is unrealistic, for it takes too simple a view of the talents of man and of the circumstances which encourage, or cause, their development.
And it is pernicious, for the attempt to enforce the rules is bound to increase our professional qualifications at the expense of our humanity. (82)
In addition, the idea is detrimental to science, for it neglects the complex physical and historical conditions which influence scientific change.
It makes our science less adaptable and more dogmatic: every methodological rule is associated with cosmological assumptions, so that using the rule we take it for granted that the assumptions are correct. Naive falsificationism takes it for granted that the laws of nature are manifest and not hidden beneath disturbances of considerable magnitude. (83)
Empiricism takes it for granted that sense experience is a better mirror of the world than pure thought. Praise of" argument takes it for granted that the artifices of Reason give better results than the unchecked play of our emotions.
Such assumptions may be perfectly plausible and even true. Still, one should occasionally put them to a test. Putting them to a test means that we stop using the methodology associated with them, start doing science in a different way and see what happens. Case studies such as those reported in the preceding chapters show that such tests occur all the time, and that they speak against the universal validity of any rule. (84)
All methodologies have their limitations and the only "rule" that survives is "anything goes. "
(85)
The change of perspective brought about by these discoveries leads once more to the long- forgotten problem of the excellence of science. It leads to it for the first time in modern history, for modem science overpowered its opponents, it did not convince them.
Science took over by force, not by argument (this is especially true of the former colonies where science and the religion of brotherly love were introduced as a matter of course, and without consulting, or arguing with, the inhabitants). Today we realize that rationalism, being bound to science, cannot give us any assistance in the issue between science and myth and we also know that myths are vastly better than rationalists have dared to admit. Thus we are now forced to raise the question of the excellence of science. [br]
选项
答案
由这些发现产生的观念变化再次指向了被遗忘已久的有关科学优越性的问题。现代史上它第一次导致了这样一个结果,现代科学战胜了它的对手,但并没有使它们信服。
解析
(本段翻译是由两个句子组成,要注意上下句子之间的联系,这样才能准确地译出it的含义。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3711192.html
相关试题推荐
全球排名前15位的大学不是在美国就是在英国。(either…or)Allofthetop15universitiesintheworldare
WhenisBBCsOverseasStudentsatBritishUniversitiesonaireveryday?[br]
WhenisBBCsOverseasStudentsatBritishUniversitiesonaireveryday?[br]
WhenisBBCsOverseasStudentsatBritishUniversitiesonaireveryday?[br]
WhenisBBCsOverseasStudentsatBritishUniversitiesonaireveryday?[origi
WritealetterofapplicationtotheDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofWiscon
Accordingtoonespeaker,wecouldskip______ifweareshortoftime.[br][ori
Accordingtoonespeaker,wecouldskip______ifweareshortoftime.[br][ori
Accordingtoonespeaker,wecouldskip______ifweareshortoftime.[originalt
Theageofrequiringretirementincompaniesshouldberaised,andso【M1】__
随机试题
[originaltext]Goodevening,andwelcometothe10o’clocknews.Tonight’st
流动比率的公式为()。A.负债/资产 B.资产/负债 C.流动负债/流
一直以来,科学家们为鸟类祖先是谁争论不休。关于鸟类的起源主要有槽齿类起源说、恐龙
A. B. C. D.
在通常情况下,采用()方式出让的地价最高。A.招标 B.协议 C.挂牌
“863”计划
邓小平同志在1986年曾指出:经济建设这一手我们搞得相当有成绩,形势喜人,这是我
沪深300股指数的基期指数定为()。A.100点 B.1000点 C.200
共用题干 某公司会计人员甲、乙、丙、丁在一次会计工作研讨会上对会计职业道德的概
已知年名义利率为10%,每季度计息1次,复利计息。则年有效利率为( )。A.10
最新回复
(
0
)