2. 职称英语
  3. This passage is adapted from material published in 2002. In 1971, hot on

This passage is adapted from material published in 2002. In 1971, hot on

游客2024-01-10  48
问题     This passage is adapted from material published in 2002.
    In 1971, hot on the heels of plate-tectonic theory’s acceptance, J. W. Morgan suggested that hotspots—areas of intense volcanism such as Hawaii, Yellowstone, and Iceland—are fueled by plumes of hot material arising in the deep mantle and punching through the mobile shallow mantle and crust to the surface. Morgan’s theory was developed to explain the time-progressive trails of volcanoes associated with some hotspots and the hotspots’ apparent fixity relative to one another. If the sources of the volcanism were rooted in the immobile deep mantle, they would not move relative to one another and the plates at the surface would drift above, bearing away trails of volcanism. According to a recent article by geologist G. R. Foulger, however, although hotspots do exist, they do not have time-progressive volcanic trails and are not fixed relative to one another. [br] The passage implies that Morgan’s suggestion was
选项 A、presented as a challenge to a newly accepted theory
B、made on the basis of considerations that have since been questioned
C、rejected despite its success in explaining the phenomena it was intended to explain
D、supplanted by a theory that was more general in scope
E、tended to account for observations that appeared to contradict an accepted theory
答案 B
解析 consideration指的是摩根所要解释的但是根本不存在的现象，而文章反驳的也确实只是这个现象而已，因此选项B正确。C项根据本文，正是因为摩根认为火山链是按照时间排列的并且热点之间的位置相互固定，所以才提出他的理论：热点由地幔深处涌出的物质组成。而弗格则认为火山链和热点位置的相对固定是不存在的。注意，文章写到这里，摩根的理论本身并没有被质疑。摩根的理论确实能够解释火山链的时间顺序，所以选项C中的“its success in explaining the phenomena”是正确的。可是根据文章最后一句，摩根所要解释的现象其实根本不存在，所以摩根本质上是“为了解释而解释”，解释了半天，最后发现要解释的现象根本就不存在，所以选项C的“intended”一词用得也很准。但是摩根的理论本身是“热点由地幔深处涌出的物质组成”，作者没有在文中对这一点进行评论，所以选项C错在“rejected”。A项摩根的理论是被质疑的，而非质疑其他人的。B项不对，本文是驳论文，没有替代性观点。E项an accepted theory指的是板块构造，但是文中没提与之矛盾的观察。
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