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  3. George Soros — the Financial Crocodile "The US governs the international

George Soros — the Financial Crocodile "The US governs the international

游客2024-01-02  9
问题     George Soros — the Financial Crocodile
    "The US governs the international system to protect its own economy. It is not in charge of protecting other economies," Soros says. "So when America goes into recession, you have antirecessionary policies. When other countries are in recession, they don’t have the ability to engage in anti-recessionary policies because they can’t have a permissive monetary policy, because money would flee. " In person, he has the air of a philosophy professor rather than a gimlet-eyed financier. In a soft voice which bears the traces of his native Hungary, he argues that it is time to rewrite the so-called Washington consensus — the cocktail of liberalization, privatization and fiscal rectitude which the IMF has been preaching for 15 years. Developing countries no longer have the freedom to run their own economies, he argues, even when they follow perfectly sound policies. He cites Brazil, which although it has a floating currency and manageable public debt was paying ten times over the odds to borrow from capital markets.
    Soros credits the anti-globalization movement for having made companies more sensitive to their wider responsibilities. " I think [ the protesters ] have made an important contribution by making people aware of the flaws of the system," he says. "People on the street had an impact on public opinion and corporations which sell to the public responded to that. " Because the IMF has abandoned billion dollar bailouts for troubled economies, he thinks a repeat of the Asian crisis is unlikely. The fund’s new "tough love" policy — for which Argentina is the guinea pig — has other consequences. The bailouts were a welfare system for Wall Street, with western taxpayers rescuing the banks from the consequences of unwise lending to emerging economies. Now the IMF has drawn a line in the sand, credit to poor countries is drying up. "It has created a new problem — the inadequacy of the flow of capital from center to the periphery," he says.
    The one economy Soros is not losing any sleep about is the US. "I am much more positive about the underlying economy than I am about the market, because we are waging war not only on terrorism but also on recession," he says. " I have not yet seen an economy in recession when you are gearing up for war. " He worries that the world’s largest economic power is not living up to its responsibilities. " I would like the United States to live up to the responsibilities of its hegemonic power because it is not going to give up its hegemonic power," he says. "The only thing that is realistic is for the United States to become aware that it is in its enlightened self-interest to ensure that the rest of the world benefits from their role. "
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答案     金融大鳄乔治-索罗斯
    索罗斯说：“美国掌控国际经济体系，是为了保护本国经济，并不负责保护其他国家的经济。美国经济一旦陷入衰退，可以出台反衰退政策，而其他国家经济衰退，却无力这样做，因为这些国家不能采取宽松的货币政策，否则资本就会外流。”索罗斯本人具有哲学教授的风度，不太像目光敏锐的金融家。说话轻声细语，略带匈牙利口音，认为修改所谓的“华盛顿共识”正当其时。“华盛顿共识”是指经济自由化、私人化和财政透明的综合体制；这一体制国际货币基金组织已倡导了15年。索罗斯认为，发展中国家即便贯彻了完善健全的经济政策，也不再能自由地运行本国经济。他举例说，巴西实行了浮动汇率制和可控国债，却付出比正常情况高出10倍的代价从资本市场借贷。
    索罗斯赞扬反全球化运动使各公司更加认识到自己更广泛的责任。他说：“我认为反对者功不可没，让人们意识到这一体制有缺陷。普通民众对公众舆论产生了重要影响，而公司以大众为销售对象，对此也作出了反应。”国际货币基金组织不再提供10亿美元援助经济困难的国家，索罗斯因此认为亚洲金融危机不可能重现。国际货币基金组织这种“又严又爱”的政策(阿根廷是这一政策的试验品)产生了其他后果：西方纳税人挽救了银行，将其从盲目向新兴工业国家提供贷款的恶果中解脱出来，而资金援助成为华尔街提供福利的方法。如今国际货币基金组织就好像是在沙滩上划了一条分界线，向贫困国家提供的贷款日益枯竭。索罗斯说：“这产生了新问题，即资金从中心向周边流动不足。”
    索罗斯唯对美国经济高枕无忧。他说：“我对美国经济潜力的信心比对市场更足。我们不只向恐怖主义开战，也向经济衰退开战。我还没见过哪个国家全力备战时经济停滞不前。”他担心世界上最大的经济强国不能尽到责任，说道：“我希望美国承担起其霸权应承担的责任，因为美国不会放弃霸权地位。美国应该意识到，美国自身要获得利益，就必须保证其他国家从其扮演的角色中受益。这是唯一的现实。”
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