首页
登录
职称英语
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—
游客
2023-12-16
9
管理
问题
Traditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure., how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one’s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.
Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.
Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment to history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence., that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their theses. Psycho historians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.
Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances. [br] The author of the passage suggests that psychohistorians view history primarily as
选项
A、a report of events, causes, and effects that is generally accepted by historians but which is, for the most part, unverifiable
B、an episodic account that lacks cohesion because records of the role of childhood, work, and leisure in the lives of historical figures are rare
C、an uncharted sea of seemingly unexplainable events that have meaning only when examined as discrete units
D、a record of the way in which a closed set of immutable psychological laws seems to have shaped events
答案
D
解析
本题为推断题。原文的最后一段的最后一句话Instead of respecting the particularity of the past,it assimilates all events,past and present,into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.帮助我们推断出该题的正确答案为D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://www.tihaiku.com/zcyy/3278171.html
相关试题推荐
WhichdoesNOTbelongtothetwouniquedaysinAmericanhistory?A、Thanksgiving
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
TennisDuringthefirst50yearsofitshistory,tenniswas
______isregardedas"thecornerstone"ofEnglishhistorybecauseitlaiddown
______wasafoundingfigureinthehistoryofAmericanhorrorstoriesanddetec
Theproblemwithhistoryissimple.Thereistoomuchofit,Andmoreofitc
Thewaysofhistoryaresointricateandthemotivationsofhumanactionss
Thewaysofhistoryaresointricateandthemotivationsofhumanactionss
随机试题
Doctorsalonemustmakethefinaldecisionwhethertowithdrawtreatment,inc
Asfoodistothebody,soislearningtothemind.Ourbodiesgrowandmusc
Travelingcanbefunmadeasy.Avacationtriptoanotherpartofthecountr
男性,23岁,炼钢厂炉前工,参加工作不久。某天工作时全身乏力、大量出汗、头晕、恶
沙门菌属的抗原组成不包括A.O抗原B.核心抗原C.H抗原D.Vi抗原E.M抗原
肝脾破裂的腹腔穿刺液性质为A.黄色浑浊液体 B.有粪臭味的血性渗液 C.棕褐
持直接故意心理态度的行为人对自己的行为及结果是()。A.明知并放任发生 B
根据《城乡规划法》规定,( )修改的前提条件包括“组织有关部门和专家定期对规划
制定培训规划的有效性就是要求制定过程必须体现出( )。A.可靠性 B.相关性
进行施工成本偏差分析最常用的一种方法是()。A.表格法 B.横道图法 C.曲
最新回复
(
0
)