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We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or cal
We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or cal
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2023-12-15
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问题
We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or ploughed the field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest ill s in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, hut they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized.
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答案
我们不晓得是谁接好了第一条断腿,又是谁使第一艘船舶下海,也不晓得是谁最早算出了一年的时间之长,又是谁最先学会在田地里种地,但是我们对那些杀戮者和破坏者却熟悉得很。人们认为他们了不起,甚至在全世界各大城市里所有最高的石柱上都能看到征服者、将军或军人的雕像。而我则认为,多数人以为那些在战争中打败过最多的国家,且以征服者的地位统治这些国家的国家是最伟大的。很可能它们是伟大的,但它们却并非是最文明的国家。动物互相格斗,野蛮人也互相厮杀。所以善于打仗也只是擅长于动物或野蛮人之所长,而这并不算是文明。
解析
本篇翻译使用了顺译、增词、断句、词语转换等技巧。原文是有关人类文明发展的社科文章,句子结构多变,建议多读几遍原文,因为有些句子的意思不是很好理解。对原句中省略的成分,汉语中应将意思补充完整。
1.第一句难点在who引导的宾语从句,first作副词修饰从句包含的4个并列短语,翻译时以顺译的方法,原句中出现了3个or,汉语表达应适当变化,如“又是”、“也不”等表达方式。汉语中first的意思灵活处理为“第一”、“最早”、“最先”等表述,ploughed the field:在田地里种地。know all about:对……熟悉得很。
2.think a great deal of:非常看重,对……评价很好。
3.most people believe...as conquerors:原句较长,翻译时不宜按照原句格式一译到底。
4.It is just possible they are:省略了great,汉语中增译了“伟大的”。
5.Animals fight;so do savages:原句用词精简,翻译为汉语时使用增译的方法,译为“动物互相格斗,野蛮人也互相厮杀”。
6.最后一个分句初看有点不好理解,“the way in which an animal or a savage is good”理解为“动物和野蛮人所擅长的方式”,善于打仗就是擅长于这样一种方式。
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