[originaltext] In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken,

游客2023-07-07  27

问题  
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.
    In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree.
    Generally, however, modern examinations are written.[23]The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
    One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
22. What did Middle Ages’ students do about exams?
23. Which of the following about modern industry is TRUE?
24. In what kind of tests students must select the correct answer?
25. What’s the general topic of the passage?

选项 A、The features of the exams in the Middle Ages.
B、How did the forms of exams evolve.
C、How to perform well in both spoken and written exams.
D、The different exams designed for people of different ages.

答案 B

解析 题干问全篇主要讨论的话题是什么,需综合概括全文意思。短文首先指出,在现代工业产生以前,如古希腊和中世纪,考试的形式多为口试,但随着现代工业产生,笔试取代口试逐渐成为广泛应用的考试类型,学生在一间屋子里答题,老师监考并且精确计时,师生都好像机器一样。笔试中比较有代表性的一种题型是客观题,旨在考查学生对客观事实的认识,而不是其主观观点。可见,短文主要讨论的是考试形式的沿革,故选B。
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