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  3. 共用题干 Lung CancerThe death rate due to c

共用题干 Lung CancerThe death rate due to c

考试题库2022-08-02  26
问题 共用题干Lung Cancer
The death rate due to cancer of the lungs has increased more than 800 percent in males and has more than doubled in females during the last 25 years.It is considerably higher in urban and industrial areas than in rural districts._________(46)Those factors which have been mentioned most frequently are the presence of foreign particles and other irritants in the air(smoke particles, smog,exhaust fumes),and the smoking of cigarettes and cigars.
_________(47)Among heavy smokers—21 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers.It is expected the death rate among women will increase as the present high rate of smoking among women has its effect.
Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray is taken for the purpose of detecting tuberculosis._________(48)Early detection is absolutely essential if any possibility of cure is to be maintained.Modern X-ray machines in competent hands pose such slight danger, at least to those over 40 years of age,that this would be much more than offset by the advantages of discovering a tumor while it is small enough to be completely removed.
_________(49)The tumor may grow until the bronchus is blocked,cutting off the supply of air to that lung.The lung then collapses,and the secretions trapped in the lung spaces become in-fected,with a resulting pneumonia or the formation of a lung abscess._________(50)The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure,before secondary growths have had time to form,is to re-move the lung completely.This operation is called pneumonectomy.
Malignant tumors of the stomach,the breast,the prostate gland and other organs may spread to the lungs,causing secondary growths._________(48)A: A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malig-nancy originates in a bronchus.B: Lung cancer,also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma,is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.C: Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an ear-ly diagnosis of lung cancer.D: Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.E: Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.F:.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.
选项 _________(48)
A: A common form of lung cancer is bronchogenic carcinoma,so-called because the malig-nancy originates in a bronchus.
B: Lung cancer,also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma,is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
C: Too often,however,a current emphasis upon the danger of exposure to radiation from X-ray machines can frighten people away from routine chest X-rays and thus prevent an ear-ly diagnosis of lung cancer.
D: Numerous studies have demonstrated a striking correlation between the death rate from lung cancer and smoking habits.
E: Such a lung cancer can also spread to cause secondary growths in the lymph nodes of the chest and neck as well as in the brain and other parts of the body.
F:.There are many possible causes,but it is still controversial which are most blameworthy.
答案 C
解析 空格前讲的是过去25年肺癌死亡率男士增加了八倍女士翻倍的情况；空格后讲的是“频繁提到的因素是接触异质颗粒和空气中其他刺激物（烟尘、烟雾、废气），以及抽烟和吸雪茄”，也就是引起肺癌的因素。由此可知，空格处也应谈及引起肺癌的原因。选项F“有许多种诱因，但具体哪种影响最大仍有争议”符合题意，故选F。


空格后的“Among heavy smokers—2 1 to 30 cigarettes per day—the mortality rate from lung cancer is nearly 17 times the rate from nonsmokers”讲的是每天抽二三十支香烟的烟民是不吸烟人患肺癌的几率的17倍，这是吸烟与肺癌死亡率之间的关系的例子，选项 D“一系列研究表明，肺癌的死亡率与吸烟的习惯之间存在着明显的关系”是空格后内容的主旨，是本段的主旨句，符合题意。故选D。


空格前一句提到“Sometimes cases of lung cancer are discovered at the time an X-ray”, 即有时肺癌是在进行X射线检查结核病时发现的；空格后提到，如果想要治愈，尽早发现绝对重要，所以空格处也应介绍肺癌的检查。选项C“但是，当前强调接触X射线机的放射线的危险常常使得人们不敢去做常规的胸部X射线检查，从而不能及早对肺癌做出诊断”，与前后街接紧密，符合题意。故选C。


空格后提到，肿瘤会一直长到支气管堵塞，切断了空气向肺的供给，所以空格处的内容应提到肿瘤与支气管。选项A“肺癌的常见类型为支气管癌，之所以这样称呼是因为恶性肿瘤产生于支气管内”符合题意，且前后内容街接紧密，故选A。


空格后提到，可能治愈的唯一方法（The only treatment that offers a possibility of cure) 就是在继发肿瘤出现之前将肺全部切除，由此可知，空格处也应介绍继发肿瘤的情况。选项E“这种肺癌也会扩散，在胸部和颈部淋巴结、脑部以及身体的其他部位继发再生”符合题意，且与前后街接紧密。故选E。
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