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  3. All around the world, lawyers generate m

All around the world, lawyers generate m

题库2022-08-02  21
问题 All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.　During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.　There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.　Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.　The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.　In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it _____.A. bans outsiders’ involvement in the professionB. keeps lawyers from holding law-firm sharesC. aggravates the ethical situation in the tradeD. prevents lawyers from gaining due profits
选项 A. bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession
B. keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares
C. aggravates the ethical situation in the trade
D. prevents lawyers from gaining due profits
答案 A
解析 细节题。第五段分析了美国律师服务昂贵的另外一个原因——律师事务所所有制的局限性，题目中的关键词guild-like ownership structure及restrictive均出现在第五段第①句，因此定位到这一段。该段第②句提到“除哥伦比亚特区之外，非律师人士不能持有律师公司的股份”与A项“阻止外行人参与法律行业”所述一致，是正确选项。B项与文意相反，不能持律师事务所股份的是non-lawyer，律师可以持有；C项“恶化律师行业职业道德”一说没有原文依据：D项“阻止律师得到应得的收入”是根据make money设计的干扰项，该句说的是反对改革的管理者希望律师不受迫于赚钱的压力，更好地服务客户，故不选。
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