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  3. 根据以下材料，回答题 The men and women of Anglo-S

根据以下材料，回答题 The men and women of Anglo-S

练习题库2022-08-02  44
问题 根据以下材料，回答题The men and women of Anglo-Saxon Englandnormally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added.These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however,hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the threecenturies following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that,the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different partsof the country.British surnames fall mainly into four broadcategories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it istrue, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adaptedor abbreviated; or artificial names.In fact, over fifty per cent of genuineBritish surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belongto the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belongto this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home inthe ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son ofSimon", as might be expected.Hundreds of occupational surnames are atonce familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a little thought: Archer,Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of othersare more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization inmedieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day" (old English forbreadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thickennewly made cloth).All these vocational names carry with them acertain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it istrue, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", aresimple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking; theirmeanings are slightly different from the modem ones. "Black" and"White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meantgenuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.Place-names have a lasting interest sincethere is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some timegiven its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they maybe pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive withrelatively little change from old-English times are "Milton" (middleenclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill).  According to Paragraph 1, Britishsurnames ________.查看材料A.only owned by men in the Anglo-SaxonperiodB.gradually became common in the threecenturies following the Norman Conquest in 1066C.became fixed for many years and rarelychanged after the 13th and 14th centuriesD.had the same degree of stability indifferent parts of the country
选项 A.only owned by men in the Anglo-Saxonperiod
B.gradually became common in the threecenturies following the Norman Conquest in 1066
C.became fixed for many years and rarelychanged after the 13th and 14th centuries
D.had the same degree of stability indifferent parts of the country
答案 B
解析 细节题。定位于文章第一段，根据“The men and women ofAnglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only  They were, however, hardly surnames.”可知盎格鲁一撒克逊时期英国人还没有姓，A项与原文不符；根据“Heritable names gradually becamegeneral in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in1066．”可知B项正确：根据“It wasnot until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for manyyears after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerablyin different parts of the country.”可知，直到13、14世纪姓氏才开始固定下来，虽然在那之后很多年里，英国各地的姓氏有相当大的变化。C项“在13、14世纪之后固定了好多年．几乎从未变过”和D项“在各个地方有同样程度的稳定性”均与原文不符。故本题选B。
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