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  3. Passage 2 The Ancient Greek philosopher

Passage 2 The Ancient Greek philosopher

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问题 Passage 2The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras is best known today for his mathematical theorem,which haunts the dreams of many geometry students, but for centuries he was also celebrated as thefather of vegetarianism. A meatless diet was referred to as a "Pythagorean diet" for years, up untilthe modem vegetarian movement began in the mid-1800s.While Pythagoras was an early proponent of a meatless diet, humans have been vegetarianssince well before recorded history．Most anthropologists agree that early humans would have eaten apredominantly plant-based diet；after all，plants can ’t run away．Additionally，our digestive systemsresemble those of herbivores closer than camivorous animals．Prehistoric man ate meat，of course，but plants formed the basis of his diet．Pythagoras and his many followers practiced vegetarianism for several reasons，mainly due toreligious and ethical objections．Pythagoras believed all living beings had souls．Animals were noexception，SO meat and fish were banished from his table．Strangely enough，he also banished avegetable that has a place of honor on most vegetarian menus today，the humble bean．His followerswere forbidden to eat or even touch beans，because he thought beans and humans were created fromthe same material．Fava beans were especially bad，as they have hollow steams that could allow thesouls of the dead to travel up from the soil into the growing beans．While the edict against beans was lifted not long after Pythagoras’death，his followerscontinued to eat a meatless diet．His principles influenced generations of academics and religiousthinkers，and it was a group of these like-minded individuals who founded the Vegetarian Society inEnglish in the mid-1800s．The virtues of temperance，abstinence and self．control were all tied tovegetarian Ideals，while lust，drunkenness and general hooliganism all resulted from a diet too rich inmeat products．Notable early vegetarians included Leo Tolstoy，George Bernard Shaw，MahatmaGandhi and American Bronson Alcott，a Transcendentalist teacher，reformer and the father of“LialeWomen”author Louisa May Alcott．It wasn’t until the 1960s that vegetarianism moved into mainstream American life and themovement’sgrowth picked up speed in the l 970s when a young graduate student named FrancisMoore Lappe wrote a book called Diet for a Small Planet．In it，she advocated a meatless diet not forethical or moral reasons，but because plant-based foods have much less impact on the environmentthan meat does．Today，many vegetarians refuse meat because of animal rights issues，or concernsover animal treatment，a principle first espoused in Peter Singer’s 1975 work A nimal Liberation．Which of the following is true according to the passageA.Pythagoras made a great contributing to biology.B.Pythagoras thought beans, like humans, had souls.C.Francis Moore Lappe is a contemporary vegetarian.D.Both Bronson Alcott and his daughter were vegetarians.
选项 A.Pythagoras made a great contributing to biology.

B.Pythagoras thought beans, like humans, had souls.

C.Francis Moore Lappe is a contemporary vegetarian.

D.Both Bronson Alcott and his daughter were vegetarians.
答案 C
解析 细节题。此题是问：根据文章，哪个选项是正确的根据第一段可知，Pythagoras对数学和素食主义有贡献，故A选项说法不正确；根据第三段可知Pythagoras不吃豆子是因为他觉得豆子和人类的构成物质是一样的，故B说法错误；由最后一段可知，素食主义在美国兴起是在1960s，加速是在1970s，那时一个叫FrancisMooreLappe的人写了Dietfor a SmallPlanet一书，并提倡素食主义，指出不吃肉的原因是为了保护环境，根据时间可知Francis Moore Lappe是当代素食主义者，故C说法正确。文中并未提及Bronson Alcott的女儿，故D说法错误。
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教师资格笔试

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